Understanding Depression

What is Depression?

Depression is a serious mood disorder characterised by persistent sadness, loss of interest in activities, and reduced energy levels.

It is a highly treatable medical condition—not a personal weakness—and can significantly affect how you think, feel, and manage daily life.

Common Signs of Depression

Emotional Symptoms

  • Persistent low mood
  • Feelings of hopelessness
  • Tearfulness
  • Ongoing irritability
  • Loss of enjoyment in life

Cognitive Symptoms

  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Trouble making decisions
  • Negative thinking patterns
  • Excessive self-criticism
  • Low self-esteem

Physical Symptoms

  • Fatigue
  • Changes in appetite
  • Sleep disturbances
  • Reduced motivation
  • Loss of energy

What Causes Depression

Depression is rarely caused by a single factor. It typically results from a complex combination of:

Biological & Genetic Factors

Brain chemistry, hormonal changes, and inherited traits can increase vulnerability to depression.

Life Events & Trauma

Bereavement, relationship difficulties, trauma, illness, and prolonged stress can contribute to depression.

Ongoing Stress

Work presures, burnout, financial concerns, and life challenges may trigger or wordsen symptoms.

Understanding Anxiety

What is Anxiety?

Anxiety is the body’s natural response to stress. While occasional anxiety is normal, persistent and overwhelming anxiety that interferes with daily life may indicate an anxiety disorder.

Anxiety affects both the mind and the body, so recognising these symptoms early can help you manage them.

Signs & Symptoms of Anxiety

Physical Symptoms

  • Increased heart rate
  • Rapid breathing
  • Sweating
  • Trembling
  • Fatigue
  • Digestive discomfort

Mental Symptoms

  • Persistent worry
  • Racing thoughts
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Irritability
  • Feeling on edge
  • Sense of impending doom

Behavioural Symptoms

  • Avoidance behaviours
  • Social withdrawal
  • Difficulty sleeping
  • Reduced confidence
  • Safety-seeking behaviours

Types of Anxiety Disorders

Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Persistent and excessive worry about everyday situations.

Social Anxiety Disorder

Fear of being judged, criticised or embarrassed in social situations.

Panic Disorder

Unexpected panic attacks accompanied by intense fear and physical symptoms.

Specific Phobias

Strong fear of particular situations or objects such as heights, flying or spiders.

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